The Resurgence of Measles: A Rash From the Past

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious viral illness experiencing a resurgence in the United States.
• The number of reported measles cases in early 2024 has already surpassed the previous year's total.
• Emergency clinicians may face challenges in identifying measles due to its decreased incidence in recent decades.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology of measles.
• To describe the clinical presentations of measles.
• To outline recommended management strategies for measles in emergency care settings.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of measles pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management.
• Focus on emergency care settings.
• Synthesis of current CDC guidelines and clinical best practices.

Main Results:

• Measles pathophysiology involves viral replication in the respiratory tract and lymphoid tissues.
• Clinical presentation includes a prodrome of fever and malaise, followed by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a characteristic rash.
• Early recognition, isolation, and supportive care are key management strategies.

Conclusions:

• Emergency clinicians must be prepared to identify and manage measles cases due to the current resurgence.
• Prompt diagnosis and isolation are critical to prevent further transmission.
• Understanding measles pathophysiology and clinical signs aids in effective emergency management.