Evaluation of the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor: Establishment of...

This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale (50 tons/day) membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating real municipal wastewater. The results showed that the changing rate (ΔS) of the peak area (S) of granule size distribution (GSD) exhibited an exponential relationship (R²≥0.76) with the shear time (y=a-b·c^x), which was a suitable indicative index to reflect the shear stability of different AGS samples. The limiting granule size (LGS) was defined and proposed to characterize the equilibrium size for AGS after being sheared for a period of time, whose value in terms of Dv50 showed high correlation (R²=0.92) with the parameter a. The free Ca²⁺ (28.44-34.21 mg/L) in the influent specifically interacted with polysaccharides (PS) in the granule's extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) as a nucleation site, thereby inducing the formation of Ca precipitation to enhance its Young's modulus, while Ca²⁺ primarily interacted with PS in soluble metabolic product (SMP) during the initial granulation process. Furthermore, the Young's modulus significantly affected the parameter a related to shear stability (R²=0.99). Since the parameter a was more closely related (R²=1.00) to ΔS than that of the parameter b or c, the excellent correlation (R²=0.99) between the parameter a and the wet density further verified the feasibility of this method.