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Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
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Time consciousness: Silence, mindfulness, and subjective time perception.

Marco Fabbri1, Barbara Pizzini2, Alessia Beracci3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.

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|August 3, 2024
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Summary

Silence profoundly impacts our sense of self and time perception. This review explores how situational contexts, like meditation and isolation, alter subjective time and self-awareness, influencing psychological well-being.

Keywords:
BoredomConsciousnessJust thinkingMindfulnessSilenceTime perceptionWaiting

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Consciousness theories often overlook time consciousness.
  • Subjective time perception is influenced by situational context and self-awareness.
  • Silence affects self-awareness, spatial awareness, and time perception, impacting psychological well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how different types of silence influence the experience of self and time.
  • To examine the role of boredom and solitude in time perception, using COVID-19 lockdown as a case study.
  • To explore alterations in self and time perception during mindfulness meditation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on silence, self-awareness, and time perception.
  • Analysis of situational contexts: pure silence, "just thinking," relaxation, forced waiting (COVID-19 lockdown), and mindfulness meditation.
  • Discussion within the framework of cognitive models of prospective time perception.

Main Results:

  • Different silence situations (e.g., pure silence, deep relaxation) modulate self and time experiences.
  • Boredom during forced waiting (e.g., lockdown) significantly alters time perception.
  • Mindfulness meditation induces changes in the sense of self and time.

Conclusions:

  • Situational contexts, particularly silence and self-awareness, play a crucial role in shaping time consciousness.
  • Understanding these influences is vital for psychological well-being and cognitive research.
  • Cognitive models of prospective time perception provide a framework for these alterations.