Pyocystis in a renal transplant recipient with a defunctionalized bladder

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Urology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Renal transplantation is a life-saving procedure for end-stage renal disease.
• Previous urinary diversion surgery can complicate post-transplant management.
• Neurogenic bladder is a condition affecting bladder control.

Observation:

• A patient developed fever six weeks after renal transplantation.
• The patient had a history of ureteroileal conduit creation due to neurogenic bladder.
• Initial fever investigations were inconclusive.

Findings:

• A defunctionalized bladder was found to contain purulent material.
• Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified as the causative pathogen.
• The condition was diagnosed as pyocystis.

Implications:

• Pyocystis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever after renal transplantation in patients with prior urinary diversion.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment of pyocystis are essential to prevent complications.
• This case underscores the importance of considering unusual infection sources in immunocompromised transplant recipients.