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Processed pseudogenes: characteristics and evolution.

E F Vanin

    Annual Review of Genetics
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Processed pseudogenes, lacking introns and having poly-A tails, arise from RNA intermediates. Their integration into new genomic locations prevents further transcription, suggesting a recent evolutionary origin in mammals.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Processed pseudogenes are genetic elements lacking introns and possessing poly-A tails.
    • They share structural similarities with mRNA and are found on different chromosomes than their functional counterparts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To categorize processed pseudogenes based on their structural characteristics and origin.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of processed pseudogene formation and their evolutionary implications.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of structural characteristics of processed pseudogenes.
    • Comparison with functional gene counterparts and mRNA transcripts.
    • Hypothesizing mechanisms of pseudogene formation involving RNA intermediates and genomic integration.

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    Main Results:

    • Processed pseudogenes are classified into complete mRNA copies, partial copies, or those with additional sequences.
    • Key features include lack of introns, 3' poly-A tracts, and flanking direct repeats.
    • Pseudogenes are located on different chromosomes and arise from RNA intermediates, likely transcribed in the germ line.

    Conclusions:

    • Processed pseudogene formation involves mRNA integration into staggered chromosome breaks, followed by DNA synthesis and repair.
    • RNA polymerase II or III may be involved in transcribing the original RNA molecules.
    • Processed pseudogenes are a relatively recent mammalian evolutionary development, with some being polymorphic.