Unlocking the Potential of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Manganese Halides for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications

Organic-inorganic hybrid manganese(II) halides (OIMnHs) have garnered tremendous interest across a wide array of research fields owing to their outstanding optical properties, abundant structural diversity, low-cost solution processibility, and low toxicity, which make them extremely suitable for use as a new class of luminescent materials for various optoelectronic applications. Over the past years, a plethora of OIMnHs with different structural dimensionalities and multifunctionalities such as efficient photoluminescence (PL), radioluminescence, circularly polarized luminescence, and mechanoluminescence have been newly created by judicious screening of the organic cations and inorganic Mn(II) polyhedra. Specifically, through precise molecular and structural engineering, a series of OIMnHs with near-unity PL quantum yields, high anti-thermal quenching properties, and excellent stability in harsh conditions have been devised and explored for applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), X-ray scintillators, multimodal anti-counterfeiting, and fluorescent sensing. In this review, the latest advancements in the development of OIMnHs as efficient light-emitting materials are summarized, which covers from their fundamental physicochemical properties to advanced optoelectronic applications, with an emphasis on the structural and functionality design especially for LEDs and X-ray detection and imaging. Current challenges and future efforts to unlock the potentials of these promising materials are also envisioned.