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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Highly Specific Bioorthogonal Catalysis Inside Cells.

Zhiguo Gao1,2, Quanlin Shao2, Jiaqi Xing2

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210089, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|August 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We developed copper-containing molecularly imprinted enzyme mimics (Cu-MIEs) for precise bioorthogonal catalysis within cells. These Cu-MIEs effectively cleave specific substrates, enabling applications like drug activation and gene expression control.

Keywords:
Artificial metalloenzymesBioorthogonal catalysisGene switchesMolecularly imprinted polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Biology
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Transition metal catalysts (TMCs) are crucial for bioorthogonal catalysis, enabling new chemical reactions within living systems.
  • Developing synthetic catalysts that mimic the efficiency and specificity of natural metalloenzymes remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of molecularly imprinted enzyme mimics (MIEs) with a copper (Cu) center for specific substrate cleavage within cells.
  • To engineer Cu-MIEs for enhanced activity and broader substrate scope in cellular environments.
  • To demonstrate the application of Cu-MIEs in a biologically relevant system, such as a drug-activated gene switch.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of Cu-containing MIEs with substrate-specific binding domains.
  • In vitro and in cellulo evaluation of Cu-MIEs' catalytic activity and specificity, particularly in glutathione (GSH)-rich environments.
  • Adaptation of MIE templates to optimize catalytic efficiency and expand substrate recognition.
  • Application of the Cu-MIE system to a thyroid hormone (T3)-responsive gene expression model.

Main Results:

  • Cu-MIEs demonstrated high specificity in catalyzing dimethylpropargyloxycarbonyl (DmProc) cleavage, even in the presence of high GSH concentrations.
  • Tailoring MIE templates led to significantly enhanced catalytic activity and enabled the targeting of diverse substrates.
  • The Cu-MIE system successfully activated T3 prodrugs in a cellular context, leading to T3-mediated firefly luciferase expression.
  • This demonstrates the seamless integration of engineered MIEs into cellular biocatalytic networks.

Conclusions:

  • Cu-MIEs represent a promising class of synthetic catalysts for precise bioorthogonal reactions in cellular environments.
  • The templating strategy offers a versatile approach to engineer MIEs for specific biocatalytic tasks.
  • This work validates the potential of MIEs for applications in chemical biology, including prodrug activation and controlled gene regulation.