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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse
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[Development and validation of Russian olfactory test].

G V Lebedeva1, M V Svistushkin1, L V Selezneva1

  • 1Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Vestnik Otorinolaringologii
|August 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new national olfactory test was developed and validated in Russia. This test effectively assesses smell threshold and identification abilities, comparable to international standards, addressing a critical gap in clinical diagnostics.

Keywords:
Sniffin’ sticksUPSITaromaolfactory diagnosticsolfactory testpsychophysical testsense of smell

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Psychology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Olfactory disorders are early indicators across various medical fields.
  • International olfactory tests are gold standard but unavailable in Russia.
  • A significant limitation is the lack of culturally relevant odor recognition in the Russian population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a national olfactory test for the Russian population.
  • To address the shortage of registered olfactory diagnostic tools in the Russian Federation.
  • To create a culturally adapted and effective olfactory assessment method.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-panel olfactory test assessing threshold and identification abilities.
  • Selected culturally relevant odors and visual descriptors based on a large-scale population study.
  • Validated the test on 150 healthy volunteers, comparing results with the Sniffin' Sticks test.

Main Results:

  • The developed national olfactory test includes threshold and identification panels with 80 visual descriptors.
  • Norms for olfactory abilities were established for the Russian population.
  • Validation showed no statistically significant differences compared to the Sniffin' Sticks test, confirming its effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • A validated Russian olfactory test methodology was established for healthy volunteers.
  • The test features culturally adapted odors and visual aids for enhanced diagnosis.
  • Further comparative studies are needed for a universal diagnostic method in Russia.