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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

High dynamic range scanning tunneling microscopy.

Ajla Karić¹, Carolina A Marques¹, Berk Zengin¹

¹Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland.

|August 6, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We enhance scanning tunneling microscope (STM) dynamic range by actively removing current harmonics. This method prevents preamplifier saturation, enabling high-fidelity spectroscopy and imaging without hardware modification.

Keywords:

Active power Filter Amplifier saturation Band-structure Density of states Dynamic range High Dynamic Range Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Scanning tunneling microscopy Scanning tunneling spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is crucial for nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy.
Nonlinearities in current-voltage characteristics generate current harmonics.
These harmonics can saturate preamplifiers, limiting the dynamic range of STM measurements, especially at low impedances or high gains.

Purpose of the Study:

To increase the dynamical range of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
To overcome preamplifier saturation issues caused by current harmonics.
To enable high dynamic range spectroscopy and imaging in STM.

Main Methods:

Actively subtracting dominant current-harmonics generated by nonlinearities.
Utilizing the phase relationship between excitation voltage and current-harmonics for cancellation.
Employing a compensating capacitor at the preamplifier input to cancel harmonics via displacement current.
Using two phase-synchronized voltage sources and a multi-frequency lock-in amplifier.

Main Results:

Successful cancellation of dominant current-harmonics.
Prevention of current preamplifier saturation.
Demonstration that DC current removal has no effect and first harmonic removal causes a reversible shift in differential conductance.
Achieved high dynamic range spectroscopy and imaging.

Conclusions:

The developed method effectively expands the dynamic range of STM.
Active harmonic subtraction is a viable technique for improving STM performance.
The approach requires minimal hardware changes, relying on synchronized voltage sources and lock-in amplification.