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The effect of central sleep apnea on sleep architecture in children with obstructive sleep apnea

ChenXi Luo1, WenBo Chen1, Qi Li2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, PR China.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|August 6, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA) show altered sleep patterns. These include more respiratory events, lower deep sleep, and reduced oxygen saturation compared to children with OSA alone.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Clinical Physiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in children.
  • Central sleep apnea (CSA) can coexist with OSA, altering respiratory and sleep patterns.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of concurrent central sleep apnea (CSA) on the sleep patterns of children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To compare sleep architecture and clinical features between children with OSA alone and those with both OSA and CSA.

Main Methods:

  • Children undergoing polysomnography (PSG) were categorized into two groups: OSA only (Group A) and OSA with CSA (Group B).
  • Group B met criteria for 10-50% CSA.
  • Statistical analyses compared sleep parameters and clinical data between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • Group B had significantly higher respiratory events, apnea-hypopnea index, and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) than Group A.
  • Children in Group B exhibited increased total sleep time, arousal index, and heart rate.
  • Group B showed reduced time in N3 sleep stage and lower minimum oxygenation levels.

Conclusions:

  • Children with OSA and concurrent CSA display distinct sleep profiles compared to those with OSA alone.
  • Key differences include diminished N3 sleep duration, elevated arousal index, and more severe respiratory disturbances.
  • Findings highlight the significant impact of combined OSA and CSA on pediatric sleep quality and oxygenation.
Abstract

Keywords:
Central sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaPediatric sleepPolysomnographySubtypes of obstructive sleep apnea

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