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Multipass quantum process tomography.

Stancho G Stanchev1, Nikolay V Vitanov2

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We present a new Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) method using multiple gate applications to improve accuracy. This technique reduces errors from state preparation, measurement, readout, and shot noise, providing a full Pauli Transfer Matrix (PTM).

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Error Mitigation

Background:

  • Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) is crucial for characterizing quantum operations.
  • Standard QPT methods are susceptible to errors like state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors, readout errors, and shot noise.
  • Existing methods like Randomized Benchmarking provide only fidelity, not a complete process description.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel QPT method enhancing precision and accuracy.
  • To mitigate errors from SPAM, readout, and shot noise in quantum process characterization.
  • To provide a comprehensive Pauli Transfer Matrix (PTM) rather than a single fidelity value.

Main Methods:

  • Performing QPT on a sequence of multiple applications of the same quantum gate.
  • Measuring the PTM of the multipass process via standard QPT.
  • Deducing the single-process PTM using iterative and linearized approaches (Sylvester equation).
  • Simulating and experimentally validating the method on IBM Quantum platforms.

Main Results:

  • The proposed multipass QPT method significantly reduces SPAM, readout, and shot noise errors.
  • Simulations confirm the efficiency of iterative and linearized deduction approaches.
  • Experimental determination of the CNOT gate's PTM and fidelity on IBMQ_MANILA.
  • The method yields the entire PTM, offering more information than fidelity-only metrics.

Conclusions:

  • The multipass QPT approach offers superior accuracy and precision compared to standard QPT.
  • This method effectively combats common noise sources in quantum computations.
  • The technique provides a more complete characterization of quantum processes, essential for building reliable quantum computers.