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Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Published on: July 6, 2011

Abnormal large-scale brain functional network dynamics in social anxiety disorder.

Xun Zhang^1,2, Baolin Wu¹, Xun Yang³

¹Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

|August 7, 2024

Summary

Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) show altered brain connectivity dynamics. Specific resting-state network states exhibit abnormal functional connectivity patterns, offering new insights into SAD neurobiology.

Keywords:

dynamic functional connectivity independent component analysis magnetic resonance imaging psychoradiology resting‐state networks social anxiety disorder

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Published on: December 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Network Science

Background:

Static brain network abnormalities are known in social anxiety disorder (SAD).
The dynamic functional connectome at the macroscale level in SAD remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) alterations in SAD using a data-driven approach.
To identify distinct brain network states and their connectivity patterns in individuals with SAD compared to healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

Spatial independent component analysis and a sliding-window approach with k-means clustering were employed.
Recurring brain resting-state network states were characterized.
State transition metrics and functional network connectivity (FNC) strength were compared between SAD patients and HC.

Main Results:

Four distinct recurring brain network states were identified.
SAD patients exhibited altered dwelling times in specific states, including increased time in a "widely weaker" FNC state and decreased time in "locally stronger" and "widely stronger" FNC states.
Reduced FNC between default mode, attention, and perceptual networks was observed in one state, with some correlations to illness duration.

Conclusions:

Aberrant dynamic functional synchronization patterns in large-scale resting-state networks were found in SAD.
These findings may offer novel insights into the neuro-functional basis of social anxiety disorder.