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Traumatic Brain Injury in Admitted Patients with Ocular Trauma

Kevin Zhang1, Timothy Truong2, Catherine H He3

  • 1Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA

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|August 7, 2024
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Summary

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently co-occurs with ocular trauma, affecting over half of patients. While mortality is low, survivors face significant long-term disability challenges.

Keywords:
Demographic disparityfallsintentionmotor vehicle accidentsocular traumatraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Simultaneous traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ocular trauma represent a significant clinical challenge.
  • Understanding the epidemiology of these co-occurring injuries is crucial for effective management and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the epidemiology of simultaneous traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ocular trauma.
  • To identify risk factors and injury patterns associated with combined TBI and ocular trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of de-identified data from the National Trauma Data Bank (2008-2014).
  • Inclusion criteria: patients admitted with ocular trauma and TBI.
  • Statistical analyses included Student’s t-tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Over half (58.2%) of ocular trauma patients also sustained TBI.
  • Falls and motor vehicle incidents were common mechanisms.
  • Firearm-related trauma, assault, and self-inflicted injuries showed increased odds of severe TBI.
  • Optic nerve/visual pathway injuries and skull base fractures were associated with higher odds of severe TBI and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • TBI is highly prevalent in patients with ocular trauma.
  • While the overall mortality rate is low (5.9%), the high incidence of combined injuries highlights the need for comprehensive care and rehabilitation strategies for long-term disability.