Interplay between tuberculosis, mental illness, and treatment compliance: An integrative literature review

Tuberculosis and Mental Illness (TB-MI) often co-occur with a varying range of interactions of both. The rising incidence of both in Low- and Middle-income countries (LMICs) is an emergent public health problem with accompanying higher morbidity and complications in management. The objective of this review is to gather insights into how healthcare providers can enhance their support for patients with TB-MI, to improve treatment adherence and overall health outcomes. Addressing the complexities of TB-MI treatment requires a multi-component approach that includes psychological interventions, monitoring the course of mental health comorbidities, patient education, looking into barriers to adherence, and involving healthcare providers. These coupled with increased patient awareness, integrated care model, patient education and empowerment, simplified treatment approaches, social support programs, and sensitizing healthcare providers can decrease the burden on the healthcare system while improving patient outcomes.