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Updated: Jul 21, 2026
Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
Published on: May 27, 2016
A practical clinical device for evaluating changes to the skin's sebum from ozone
Frank Liebel1, Stephanie Petersen1, Gary Grove2
1Avon Products, Inc., Suffern, New York, USA.
Background:
It is known that tropospheric ozone (O3) generated from pollutants reacting with UV forms lipid peroxidation products and induces oxidative stress to the skin. With the ever-increasing consumer awareness of the effects pollution has on skin, more testing methods will be needed to evaluate cosmetic ingredients. Recently, others have shown how antioxidants are able to reduce the effects from ozone on skin through in vitro, ex vivo and clinical studies where human subjects place their arms into large stationary chambers.
Aims:
To develop a small, easy to use ozone exposure module (OEM) that can be used on various sites of the body and to validate this device for use in testing the ability of topical products to mitigate the effects of ozone exposure on the skin.
Materials And Methods:
We have produced an OEM which can generate levels of ozone in excess of 1000 ppb and can be set to achieve the equivalent exposure to what is found in polluted environmental conditions. After exposure we used D-squame discs to remove the sebum and analytically quantitate squalene depletion. Squalene, which is very sensitive to ROS, easily oxidizes into early metabolite squalene monohydroperoxide (SQOOH) with ozone exposure.
Results:
We were able to show decreases in squalene levels after exposure and protective effects from a topical formulation.
Conclusion:
This generator will be a useful tool for researchers to easily create a small and safe exposure from ozone for clinical testing.
