Utilizing Plant Protein Secretion System for Pharmaceutical Protein Production

Molecular farming, also known as plant molecular farming (PMF), is a technique that involves using plants and plant cells as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins. This is a cost-effective and sustainable way of producing large quantities of proteins for various applications, including pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and industrial enzymes. An endogenous or exogenous signal peptide (SP) is flanked at the N-terminal for recombinant protein targeting and storage. These SPs are responsible for guiding the recombinant protein products to the correct destination within the plant cell or facilitating their secretion into the extracellular space. In this chapter, we will give a brief introduction of the current PMF research outcomes supported by the basic study of vesicle trafficking and protein secretion, mainly introducing the bright yellow 2 (BY-2) cell-based secretion pathway and its associated protocols according to our study of recombinant human iduronidase.