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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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New herbal carbon dots selectively eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) to treat chronic inflammation and bacterial infections. These nanomodulators offer precise, on-demand treatment with minimal side effects for conditions like diabetic wound infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Modulation

Background:

  • Chronic inflammation requires selective elimination of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) while preserving essential ROS signaling pathways.
  • Co-occurring bacterial infections complicate treatment, demanding strategies that address both inflammation and infection simultaneously.
  • Current treatments may lack precision, leading to off-target effects and limited efficacy in complex conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop dynamic ROS nanomodulators based on herbal carbon dots (CDs) for targeted elimination of inflammation and infection.
  • To investigate the ability of surface-modified CDs to selectively scavenge cytotoxic ROS and generate ROS for sterilization.
  • To evaluate the potential of these nanomodulators for treating concurrent chronic inflammation and infection, exemplified by diabetic wound infections.

Main Methods:

  • Rational construction of herbal carbon dots (CDs) from honeysuckle (HOCD), dandelion (DACD), and taxus leaves (TACD) by regulating surface states.
  • Assessment of ROS scavenging capabilities of HOCD and DACD against cytotoxic ROS (·OH, ONOO⁻) and essential ROS (O₂⁻, H₂O₂, NO).
  • Evaluation of red-light-induced ROS generation by TACD and DACD for antibacterial activity via surface C-N/C═N structures.

Main Results:

  • HOCD and DACD selectively scavenged cytotoxic ROS (·OH, ONOO⁻) without affecting essential ROS (O₂⁻, H₂O₂, NO), enabling inflammation treatment.
  • TACD and DACD exhibited red-light-activated generation of O₂⁻ for efficient bacterial sterilization.
  • DACD demonstrated dynamic ROS modulation, proving effective for concurrent inflammation and infection treatment in models like diabetic wound infections.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-engineered herbal carbon dots serve as effective dynamic ROS nanomodulators for precise inflammation and infection management.
  • This strategy allows for on-demand ROS regulation, targeting cytotoxic ROS for inflammation and generating ROS for sterilization.
  • The developed nanomodulators show significant potential for clinical applications in treating complex conditions like diabetic wound infections with minimal side effects.