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Cardiac cycle modulates social pain.

Tsubasa Izaki1, Toshiyuki Himichi1, Michiko Sakaki2

  • 1School of Economics & Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan.

Biological Psychology
|August 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Social pain from rejection is reduced when exclusion events occur during cardiac systole, not diastole. This suggests baroafferent signals influence social pain, especially in individuals with higher heart rate variability.

Keywords:
BaroreflexCardiac cycleHeart rate variabilityInteroception

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Social pain, triggered by rejection or exclusion, shares similarities with physical pain.
  • Baroreceptors, which monitor blood pressure, send signals that can attenuate physical pain.
  • Baroafferent signals fluctuate with the cardiac cycle, increasing during systole and decreasing during diastole.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if baroafferent signals, known to affect physical pain, also reduce social pain.
  • To test the hypothesis that social rejection experiences are less painful during cardiac systole compared to diastole.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in the cyberball task, a social exclusion simulation.
  • Exclusion events were synchronized with either cardiac systole or diastole.
  • Social pain levels were measured during these cardiac cycle phases.

Main Results:

  • Social pain evoked by exclusion was significantly lower during cardiac systole than during diastole.
  • The influence of the cardiac cycle on social pain was more pronounced in individuals with higher heart rate variability.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac afferent signals appear to modulate social pain, similar to their role in physical pain.
  • Heart rate variability may influence the impact of baroafferent signals on social pain perception.