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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Prokaryotic Cells01:28

Prokaryotic Cells

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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Electroporation of Functional Bacterial Effectors into Mammalian Cells
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Electroporation of Functional Bacterial Effectors into Mammalian Cells

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Microbial messengers: nucleic acid delivery by bacteria.

Alison Heggie1, Teresa L M Thurston2, Tom Ellis3

  • 1Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.

Trends in Biotechnology
|August 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered bacteria show promise as safe and effective nucleic acid delivery vectors. Innovations in bacterial vector technology, including nanoparticle coatings and outer membrane vesicles, represent the future of gene delivery.

Keywords:
DNA deliveryengineered bacteriagene therapysynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Growing demand for advanced nucleic acid delivery vectors due to biotechnological progress.
  • Bacterial vectors offer enhanced safety and large cargo capacity for diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for engineering bacteria as nucleic acid delivery vectors.
  • To explore emerging techniques in bacterial vector development.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering attenuated bacterial strains.
  • Implementing lysis circuits and conjugation machinery.
  • Manipulating nanoparticle (NP) coatings and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).

Main Results:

  • Bacterial vectors can be engineered for efficient nucleic acid delivery.
  • Novel approaches like NP coatings and OMVs expand vector capabilities.
  • Combining bacterial pathogenesis with synthetic biology enhances delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial vectors are a significant advancement in nucleic acid delivery technology.
  • Further engineering of bacteria holds potential for improved gene therapy and biotechnology applications.
  • The integration of bacterial systems with engineering biology is key to future developments.