Preparation and Characterization of Oxide Nanotubes on Titanium Surface for Use in Controlled Drug Release Systems

Preventing or treating infections at implantation sites where the risk of bacterial contamination is high requires the development of intelligent drug delivery systems. The objective of this work was to develop a production method and characterization of fourth-generation oxide nanotubes on titanium grade 4 surface as a potential drug carrier. This study focused on the anodizing process; physico-chemical characterization using FE-SEM, EDS, and FTIR; in vitro corrosion resistance in an artificial saliva solution; and determining the drug release kinetics of gentamicin sulfate using UV-VIS. The anodizing process was optimized to produce fourth-generation oxide nanotubes in a fluoride-free electrolyte, ensuring rapid growth and lack of order. Results showed that the length of the oxide nanotubes was inversely proportional to the anodizing voltage, with longer nanotubes formed at lower voltages. The nanotubes were shown to have a honeycomb structure with silver particles co-deposited on the surface for antibacterial properties and were capable of carrying and releasing the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate in a controlled manner, following Fick's first law of diffusion. The corrosion resistance study demonstrates that the oxide nanotubes enhance the corrosion resistance of the titanium surface. The oxide nanotubes show promise in enhancing osseointegration and reducing post-implantation complications.