Electrostimulation Evokes Caspase-3-Activated Fast Cancer Cell Pyroptosis and Its Nuclear Stress Response Pathways

Pyroptosis of programmed cell death has been recognized as a more effective way to inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors than the better-studied apoptosis. However, it is still challenging to quickly and effectively trigger pyroptosis of cancer cells for high-efficacy cancer treatment. Here, we report on the first use of mild constant-potential electrostimulation (cp-ES) to quickly trigger cancer cell pyroptosis with a probability up to ∼91.4% and significantly shortened time (within 1 h), ∼3-6 times faster than typical drug stimulation to induce pyroptosis. We find that the ES-induced cancer cell pyroptosis is through the activated caspase-3 (pathway) cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) to form an N-terminal fragment (GSDME-N) and observe nuclear shrinkage and reduction of the number of nucleoli as well as down-/up-regulated expression of two important nucleoproteins of nucleolin and nucleophosmin (NPM1). The study enriches the basic understanding of pyroptosis and provides a new avenue for potential effective treatment of cancer.