Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: What You Always Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask

Area of Science:

• Health Sciences
• Medical Informatics
• Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Background:

• Increasing volumes of scientific and clinical data, including electronic health records, are driving AI adoption.
• Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies have seen rapid development and application in medicine.
• AI and ML are significantly impacting gastroenterology and hepatology research and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a foundational understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) concepts.
• To demystify AI and ML for clinicians, highlighting their growing importance.
• To review common ML methodologies, including deep learning.

Main Methods:

• Review of fundamental concepts in artificial intelligence.
• Explanation of machine learning principles, grounded in classical statistics.
• Description of common machine learning and deep learning methodologies.

Main Results:

• AI and ML are becoming essential tools in the health sciences.
• Familiarity with AI and ML concepts will be crucial for clinicians.
• The review outlines key ML techniques relevant to medical applications.

Conclusions:

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming gastroenterology and hepatology.
• Clinicians need to develop skills in AI and ML for future practice.
• Understanding ML fundamentals is key to leveraging these powerful technologies.