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Beyond average outcomes: A latent profile analysis of diverse developmental trajectories in preterm and early

Iris Menu1, Lanxin Ji1, Tanya Bhatia1

  • 1Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.

Child Development
|August 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth impacts children differently. Neurocognitive assessments revealed three distinct profiles in prematurely born children, highlighting varied developmental paths and the need for personalized interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a significant public health concern with diverse developmental consequences.
  • Understanding neurocognitive trajectories in prematurely born children is crucial for effective support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct neurocognitive profiles in a cohort of healthy prematurely born children.
  • To examine the long-term associations of these profiles with cognitive, neural, behavioral, and academic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Latent profile analysis was used on National Institutes of Health Toolbox data from 1891 prematurely born children.
  • Participants were from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, aged approximately 10 years.
  • Demographic data included sex, age, and racial/ethnic background.

Main Results:

  • Three neurocognitive profiles were identified: consistently above average (19.7%), mixed performance (41.0%), and consistently below average (39.3%).
  • These profiles demonstrated significant differences in cognitive, neural, behavioral, and academic outcomes.
  • The findings indicate lasting impacts associated with different neurodevelopmental trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Prematurely born children exhibit diverse neurocognitive development, not a uniform outcome.
  • Recognizing these distinct profiles is essential for tailored diagnostic and intervention strategies.
  • Personalized approaches can improve long-term outcomes for this population.

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