Major depressive disorder elevates the risk of dentofacial deformity: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian...

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Psychiatry
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• The relationship between psychiatric disorders and dentofacial deformities is complex and debated.
• Previous research has not established a clear causal link.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the potential causal relationship between dentofacial deformities and eight psychiatric disorders using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach.
• To clarify the directionality of these associations.

Main Methods:

• A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed.
• Four MR methods (inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode) and sensitivity analyses were conducted.
• The study examined associations with major depressive disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and neuroticism.

Main Results:

• Major depressive disorder was found to significantly increase the risk of dentofacial deformities (OR = 1.387).
• Dentofacial deformities were associated with an increased risk of neuroticism (OR = 1.050).
• No significant associations were observed between other psychiatric disorders and dentofacial deformities, nor did dentofacial deformities increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

• Major depressive disorder may be a risk factor for developing dentofacial deformities.
• Dentofacial deformities appear to be a risk factor for the development of neuroticism.