Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

1.2K
Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
Scientists have discovered a fourth state of matter, plasma, that occurs naturally in the interiors...
1.2K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

932
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
932
What is Matter?01:13

What is Matter?

10.2K
The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
10.2K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

143.4K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
143.4K
Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

73.8K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
73.8K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

4.2K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Minimizing co-growth as a broad predictor of community robustness.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Simple biological controllers drive the evolution of soft modes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Effect of translational shear on interfacial structure in the viscous fingering instability.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Evolution of error correction through a need for speed.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Theoretical limits for sensing through phase separation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Evolutionary pathways in epistatic mechanical networks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Rheology of <i>Escherichia coli</i> suspensions with various bacterial morphologies and motion characteristics.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Stress-boundary-memory feedback drives vortical-polar transitions in softly confined active matter.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

CAGE ionic liquids meet biomembranes: unraveling molecular mechanisms and partitioning kinetics.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Steady and oscillatory propulsion in reactive swimming droplets.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Axial forces in capillary liquid bridges of polymer solutions.

Soft matter·2026
Same journal

Dual-mode pH-programmable enzymatic hydrogel system for on-demand glucose generation.

Soft matter·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

884

Training physical matter to matter.

Heinrich M Jaeger1, Arvind Murugan1, Sidney R Nagel1

  • 1The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. h-jaeger@uchicago.edu.

Soft Matter
|August 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Training physical matter with external stimuli can create adaptive materials, offering new functionalities from the same material and improving performance over time, unlike traditional methods.

More Related Videos

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
11:11

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Published on: May 2, 2016

11.0K
A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy
06:54

A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
09:39

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

884
Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation
11:11

Experimental Methods for Investigation of Shape Memory Based Elastocaloric Cooling Processes and Model Validation

Published on: May 2, 2016

11.0K
A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy
06:54

A Virtual Simulation Experiment of Mechanics: Material Deformation and Failure Based on Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: January 20, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Adaptive Materials

Background:

  • Biological systems demonstrate sophisticated adaptive behaviors through training.
  • Traditional materials processing relies on designing constituent properties.
  • A gap exists in imparting adaptive behaviors to physical matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of 'training' as a novel materials processing technique.
  • To impart adaptive properties and multiple functionalities to physical matter.
  • To enable materials to evolve and improve performance under operational conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Applying external stimuli to evolve material properties, distinct from conventional design.
  • Developing training strategies for soft materials with targeted functionalities.
  • Investigating 'in situ' material evolution under use-like conditions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved pluripotency, enabling diverse functionalities from a single starting material.
  • Demonstrated improved material performance over time through training.
  • Successfully applied training across molecular to macroscopic length scales.

Conclusions:

  • Training offers a paradigm shift in materials science, moving beyond static design.
  • Adaptive materials created through training exhibit enhanced and evolving functionalities.
  • This approach holds potential for developing next-generation smart materials.