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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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Social Proof00:52

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Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Decision-Making Capacity and Authenticity.

Tim Aylsworth1, Jake Greenblum2

  • 1Florida International University, 11200 SW 8Th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA. taylswor@fiu.edu.

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|August 14, 2024
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Summary

Bioethicists debate patient autonomy and the right to refuse life-saving treatment (LST). This paper defends the traditional view: decision-making capacity (DMC) is key to respecting a patient's LST refusal rights.

Keywords:
AgencyAuthenticityAutonomyDecision-making capacityRight to refuse treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Medical Ethics
  • Patient Autonomy

Background:

  • The right to refuse life-saving treatment (LST) is widely debated in bioethics.
  • Patient autonomy is central to this discussion, often linked to informed decision-making capacity.
  • The traditional view posits that decision-making capacity (DMC) is both necessary and sufficient for the right to refuse LST.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To respond to recent challenges to the traditional view on patient autonomy and LST refusal.
  • To defend the traditional account that links the right to refuse LST solely to DMC.
  • To analyze arguments concerning authenticity and counterexamples in LST refusal cases.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation
  • Analysis of ethical theories on autonomy
  • Critique of revisionist arguments regarding LST refusal

Main Results:

  • The paper defends the traditional view that DMC is the sole criterion for respecting a patient's decision to refuse LST.
  • Revisionist arguments based on authenticity and counterexamples are found to be unconvincing.
  • Autonomy-based reasons to respect LST refusal are affirmed if and only if the patient possesses DMC.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional account of decision-making capacity (DMC) as necessary and sufficient for the right to refuse life-saving treatment (LST) is upheld.
  • The importance of DMC in bioethical decision-making regarding LST refusal is re-emphasized.
  • Further ethical inquiry into patient autonomy should continue to center on the concept of DMC.