Current trends in breast cancer surgery.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Oncology
• Breast Surgery

Background:

• Increasing breast cancer incidence contrasts with decreasing mortality rates.
• Advances in surgical treatment, particularly oncoplastic surgery, are key to improved outcomes.
• High-quality screening programs and therapeutic progress are vital.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the advancements in surgical techniques for breast cancer treatment.
• To emphasize the role of oncoplastic surgery in maximizing breast conservation.
• To discuss evolving strategies in breast reconstruction and axillary surgery.

Main Methods:

• Integration of resection and reconstruction in oncoplastic surgery.
• Development of new localization methods for non-palpable lesions.
• Exploration of various breast reconstruction techniques (free flap, implants, fat transfer).
• Focus on axillary surgery, including neoadjuvant treatment response and lymphedema prevention.
• Analysis of tumor phenotype-guided surgical indications.

Main Results:

• Oncoplastic approach expands indications for breast-conserving therapy with better cosmetic results.
• Free abdominal flap transfer remains popular, with growing alternatives like implant-based and fat transfer reconstructions.
• Axillary surgery is being refined for nodal involvement responding to neoadjuvant therapy.
• Lymphedema prevention strategies like lymphatic mapping show promise.
• Centralization of care in specialized breast centers is being considered to improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Surgical innovations are crucial for improving breast cancer survival and quality of life.
• Personalized surgical strategies based on tumor characteristics and patient factors are essential.
• Continued development in breast reconstruction and lymphedema management is needed.
• Optimizing healthcare delivery through specialized centers can further enhance treatment efficacy.