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Eye Movement Differences in Contact Versus Non-Contact Olympic Athletes.

Nicholas P Murray1, Melissa Hunfalvay2, Christopher Mesagno3

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Minges Coliseum, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 15, 2024
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Summary

Olympic athletes in contact sports show better oculomotor functioning than those in non-contact sports. These differences in eye movements may help detect mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in athletes.

Keywords:
concussioneye trackingoculomotorsportstraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Oculomotor functioning is critical for athletic performance and injury detection.
  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can impact visual-motor control.
  • Distinguishing between contact and non-contact sports may reveal differences in visual-motor demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in oculomotor functioning between Olympic-level contact and non-contact sports athletes.
  • To determine if oculomotor measures can predict sport type (contact vs. non-contact).

Main Methods:

  • 67 Olympic athletes (27 contact, 40 non-contact) participated.
  • Oculomotor tasks included Horizontal Saccade (HS), Circular Smooth Pursuit (CSP), Horizontal Smooth Pursuit (HSP), and Vertical Smooth Pursuit (VSP).
  • A remote eye tracker was used to collect data.

Main Results:

  • Contact sport athletes generally scored higher on oculomotor tasks than non-contact athletes (p < .05), except for VSP Pathway and CSP Synchronization.
  • Logistic regression model was significant (χ(6) = 37.08, p < .001), explaining 57.4% of variance and classifying 88.1% of cases.
  • HS measures and VSP pathway significantly predicted sport type; CSP synchronization did not.

Conclusions:

  • Significant oculomotor performance differences exist between Olympic contact and non-contact athletes.
  • Oculomotor functioning may serve as a reliable, real-time indicator for detecting mTBI in sports.
  • This study provides novel insights into sport-specific oculomotor adaptations and mTBI detection.