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Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
Published on: December 8, 2023
The BCG vaccine, advantages, and disadvantages of introducing new generation vaccines against Mycobacterium
Marzie Mahdizade Ari1, Masoumeh Beig2, Mohammad Sholeh2
1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is consistently ranked among the deadliest diseases worldwide, causing millions of deaths annually. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent for this infection. Different antibiotics and vaccines have been discussed as potential treatments and prevention. Currently, there is only one licensed vaccine against TB, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Despite its protective efficacy against TB in children, BCG has failed to protect adults against pulmonary TB, lacks therapeutic value, and can cause complications in immunocompromised individuals. In this review, BCG, the most widely administered vaccine, is discussed, and the newest vaccines available in medicine are discussed. Based on the restrictions that prevent optimal BCG efficacy and the vaccines that are now being tested in various clinical studies, some criteria need to be considered in designing future vaccines.
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