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Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

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In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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High-Entropy Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Qidi Wang1, Jianlin Wang2, Jouke R Heringa1

  • 1Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629JB Delft, The Netherlands.

ACS Energy Letters
|August 15, 2024
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Researchers developed novel high-entropy solvation disordered electrolytes to improve lithium-ion battery performance. These electrolytes create a protective interphase, enhancing stability and enabling better energy storage solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Improving lithium-ion batteries is hindered by challenges in understanding and controlling complex electrode-electrolyte interphases.
  • The buried nature of these interphases makes it difficult to link their characteristics to electrolyte chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the progression of electrode-electrolyte interphases using diverse characterization techniques.
  • To explore opportunities for improving interphase properties through novel electrolyte formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a 1.0 M high-entropy solvation disordered electrolyte using multiple commercial lithium salts.
  • Utilizing diverse characterization techniques to analyze electrode-electrolyte interphase formation and properties.
  • Investigating the impact of electrolyte composition on solvation interactions and interphase structure.

Main Results:

  • The multi-salt electrolyte formulation led to weaker lithium ion solvation interactions and a disordered, anion-rich solvation sheath.
  • This resulted in a conformal, inorganic-rich interphase that effectively passivated electrodes and prevented solvent co-intercalation.
  • The novel electrolyte significantly enhanced the performance of graphite anodes paired with high-capacity cathodes.

Conclusions:

  • High-entropy solvation disordered electrolytes offer a promising strategy for tailoring interphase chemistries in lithium-ion batteries.
  • This approach can lead to improved electrode passivation and enhanced battery performance.
  • The findings provide a new avenue for designing advanced electrolytes for next-generation energy storage devices.