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Redox Reactions01:24

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Evidence-based sports supplements: A redox analysis.

Nikos V Margaritelis1, James N Cobley2, George G Nastos1

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|August 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Seven effective sports supplements were analyzed for redox activity. All supplements showed redox properties, but their physiological impact on exercise and nutrition requires further investigation.

Keywords:
AntioxidantsExerciseOxidative stressSignalingSupplements

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Nutrition
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Biological functions heavily rely on redox reactions.
  • Numerous sports supplements exist, but only seven are scientifically validated for efficacy.
  • A comprehensive analysis of the redox properties of these key supplements is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the redox characteristics of the seven most effective sports supplements.
  • To explore the potential role of redox activity in sports nutrition and exercise physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of the redox properties of bicarbonates, beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, nitrates, carbohydrates, and proteins.
  • Assessment of existing literature on the biochemical functions of these supplements.

Main Results:

  • All seven effective sports supplements demonstrate some level of redox activity.
  • The specific physiological consequences of these redox properties during exercise are not yet fully understood.

Conclusions:

  • The redox activity of sports supplements is a notable characteristic.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the physiological implications of supplement redox properties in exercise and nutrition.
  • Novel approaches are required to fully understand the redox dimension of sports performance.