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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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How the Forearm Works.

Francisco Rubio1, John J Heifner1, Gustavo E Lacau2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Larkin Hospital, Miami, FL; and.

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
|August 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forearm bones, ligaments, and muscles work together for hand rotation and force application. This review details the anatomy and mechanics of forearm function.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics
  • Musculoskeletal system

Background:

  • The forearm's complex structure enables intricate hand movements.
  • Understanding forearm mechanics is crucial for fields like orthopedics and physical therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive anatomical and mechanical review of forearm function.
  • To elucidate the coordinated actions of forearm components during functional tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed anatomical description of forearm bones (radius, ulna).
  • Explanation of the role of the interosseous ligament.
  • Analysis of muscle involvement in forearm rotation and force generation.

Main Results:

  • Coordinated activity of forearm bones, interosseous ligament, and muscles enables hand rotation.
  • The described mechanics explain the ability to apply force and overcome external loads.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate interplay of anatomical structures dictates forearm functionality.
  • This review serves as a foundational resource for understanding forearm biomechanics.