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Isolation and Culture of Mouse Cortical Astrocytes
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Spatial-temporal representation of the astroglial markers in the developing human cortex.

A Kharlamova1, Yu Krivova2, A Proshchina2

  • 1Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia, 117418. grossulyar@gmail.com.

Brain Structure & Function
|August 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study maps glial differentiation in developing human brains using immunomorphology. It identifies distinct spatiotemporal patterns of astrocyte development, crucial for understanding neurodevelopment.

Keywords:
AstrocyteCerebral cortexGlial markersGliogenesisHuman brain developmentHuman fetuses

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human brain development and glial differentiation are complex processes.
  • Spatiotemporal patterns of normal glial differentiation remain incompletely understood.
  • Lack of universal astrocyte markers hinders astrogliogenesis research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the spatiotemporal patterns of astrogliogenesis in the developing human cortex.
  • To compare immunoreactivity patterns using a panel of glial differentiation markers.
  • To characterize early glial cell populations and their origins.

Main Methods:

  • Immunomorphological analysis of 25 fetal autopsy samples (8 weeks postconception to birth).
  • Utilized a panel of markers: ALDH1L1, GFAP, S100, SOX9, and Olig-2.
  • Described and compared spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns.

Main Results:

  • Described early S100+ cells of ventral origin, distinct from SOX9 patterns but similar to Olig-2.
  • Identified a dorsal gliogenic wave by the end of the early fetal period (not later than 17 GW) marked by ALDH1L1, GFAP, and S100.
  • Detailed expansion patterns of ALDH1L1+, GFAP+, S100+, and SOX9+ cells from germinal zones to cortical layers across fetal periods.

Conclusions:

  • Established specific spatiotemporal patterns of astrogliogenesis in the human fetal cortex.
  • Highlighted differences in ALDH1L1, GFAP, and S100 immunoreactivity patterns.
  • Provided insights into the developmental trajectory of astrocytes during human neurodevelopment.