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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
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Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

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The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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EDARA: An ERA5-based Dataset for Atmospheric River Analysis.

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A new dataset, EDARA, provides multi-decade global data on Atmospheric Rivers (ARs), crucial for understanding extreme weather. This resource aids research into AR variability and impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are significant drivers of extreme weather events, including heavy precipitation and flooding.
  • Understanding the variability and impacts of ARs is crucial for climate research and disaster preparedness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive, multi-decade global dataset for Atmospheric River (AR) analysis.
  • To facilitate research on the short- and long-term variability of ARs and their associated impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a dataset of 12 meteorological variables essential for AR analysis.
  • Utilized data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis version 5 (ERA5).
  • Data is available at 6-hour intervals from 1940 to the present.

Main Results:

  • Developed the ERA5-based Dataset for Atmospheric River Analysis (EDARA).
  • Included an interactive graphical tool for visualizing AR evolution on regional and global scales.

Conclusions:

  • EDARA serves as a valuable resource for AR-related research and applications.
  • The dataset supports a wide range of studies on atmospheric moisture transport and extreme weather events.