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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
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Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears
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Anterior Capsular Reconstruction with Human Dermal Allograft for Irreparable Subscapularis Tears

Published on: May 9, 2025

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Rupture of Pectoralis Major Muscle: A Case Report.

Avinashdev Devmani Upadhyay1, Shashikant Nawale1, Abhishek Jaroli1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, K. B BHABHA Municipal General Hospital, Mumbai Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pectoralis major (PM) ruptures are uncommon, often occurring during weight training. This case highlights successful primary surgical repair of a PM rupture in a young gym trainer, leading to excellent functional recovery.

Keywords:
Pectoralis majorbench pressmuscle ruptureprimary repairsurgical treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Pectoralis major (PM) ruptures are rare injuries, predominantly affecting young men involved in weight-training activities.
  • Indirect trauma accounts for the majority of PM injuries, with bench press exercises being a common cause.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old gym trainer sustained a sudden tearing sensation and pain in his right shoulder during a bench press exercise.
  • Clinical examination revealed ecchymosis and loss of shoulder contour, with preserved range of motion but weakness in adduction and internal rotation.
  • MRI confirmed a Pectoralis major rupture at the insertion site with retraction.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent primary repair of the Pectoralis major rupture using Ethibond 5-0 sutures and endobuttons.
  • At 3 months post-surgery, the patient demonstrated satisfactory shoulder range of movement.
  • Full pre-injury strength was regained by the 6-month follow-up, with no complications noted at 2 years.

Implications:

  • Surgical intervention is recommended for young, active patients with Pectoralis major tears to ensure optimal functional outcomes.
  • Conservative management should be reserved for elderly or medically unfit individuals with low activity demands.
  • Early diagnosis via MRI and prompt surgical repair can lead to excellent functional recovery and return to pre-injury activities.