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Related Concept Videos

Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
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Echo01:06

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Sound Waves01:01

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Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the medium's particles vibrate along its direction of motion, the waves can be modeled as the displacement of the medium's particles from their mean position.
Sound waves are longitudinal in most fluids because fluids cannot sustain any lateral pressure. In solids, however, shear forces help in propagating the disturbance in the lateral direction as well....
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Beats01:09

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The study of music provides many examples of the superposition of waves and the constructive and destructive interference that occurs. Very few examples of music being performed consist of a single source playing a single frequency for an extended period of time. A single frequency of sound for an extended period might be monotonous to the point of irritation, similar to the unwanted drone of an aircraft engine or a loud fan. Music is pleasant and exciting due to mixing the changing frequencies...
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Using soundscape simulation to evaluate compositions for a public space sound installationa).

Valérian Fraisse1,2,3, Nadine Schütz2,4,5, Marcelo M Wanderley1,3

  • 1Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Montreal, Québec H3A 1E3, Canada.

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Summary
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Sound art installations can improve urban public spaces. Abstract sounds in compositions significantly increased soundscape familiarity and variety, offering new design insights for urban sound management.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban planning and acoustic design
  • Soundscape ecology and psychoacoustics
  • Public art and spatial experience

Background:

  • Urban sound management traditionally addresses noise pollution.
  • Soundscape research highlights the potential of sound art for enhancing public spaces.
  • Lack of established methodologies for integrating soundscape evaluation into sound installation design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test a methodology for evaluating sound installation composition strategies.
  • To investigate the impact of different composition strategies on soundscape perception.
  • To inform the design of a permanent sound installation in a Parisian public space.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory study simulating urban soundscapes with added sound installation compositions.
  • Use of Higher-Order Ambisonics for immersive audio playback.
  • Evaluation of composition sketches by participants familiar with the target public space (N=20).

Main Results:

  • Identified three key components for evaluating sound installation sketches: pleasantness, familiarity, and variety.
  • All tested composition strategies significantly affected soundscape familiarity and variety.
  • Abstract sounds within compositions had a stronger impact on familiarity and variety.

Conclusions:

  • Composition strategies significantly influence the perceived familiarity and variety of urban soundscapes.
  • Abstract sounds in sound installations can be effective tools for modulating these perceptions.
  • Findings provide a basis for evidence-informed design of sound installations in public spaces.