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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

233
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood01:25

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development from Childhood into Adulthood

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Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the role of thinking in a child's learning process, suggesting that children are naturally curious about their environment. His approach to development is discontinuous, proposing that cognitive abilities progress through distinct stages, each with unique characteristics. Central to Piaget's theory is schemata—mental structures that allow individuals to understand and interpret the world.
Schemata: Building Blocks of...
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High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

257
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
257
The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

38
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
38
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Perception01:28

Perception

444
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
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Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Exploration, Distributed Attention, and Development of Category Learning.

Qianqian Wan1, Vladimir M Sloutsky1

  • 1Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University.

Psychological Science
|August 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young children

Keywords:
category learningdevelopmentdistributed attentionexplorationopen dataopen materialsselective attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Category learning involves organizing information into groups.
  • Adults focus on relevant features, while children often attend to irrelevant ones.
  • The reasons for children's distributed attention are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers of distributed attention in young children during category learning.
  • To differentiate between immature distractor filtering and broad information sampling as causes.
  • To understand how attentional strategies impact early cognitive development.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with 201 participants (adults and children aged 4-6).
  • Distractor competition was manipulated to assess filtering demands.
  • Information sampling patterns were analyzed in relation to categorization performance.

Main Results:

  • Children consistently sampled more information than necessary, irrespective of categorization accuracy.
  • Reducing filtering demands did not alter children's extensive information sampling.
  • This suggests broad information sampling, not just poor filtering, underlies distributed attention.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive information sampling is a key contributor to distributed attention in young children.
  • Future research should explore the underlying causes of this broad sampling tendency.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for supporting children's cognitive growth and learning.