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Association between calcium-channel blockers and gingival enlargement: A case-control study
Giuseppe Mainas1, Pasquale Santamaria1, Noha Zoheir1
1Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Journal of Dentistry
|August 19, 2024
Summary
Calcium-channel blockers (CCB) can cause gingival enlargement. This study found poor interdental cleaning and type II diabetes are risk factors, with elevated growth factors and inflammatory markers in GCF and saliva.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Pharmacology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Calcium-channel blockers (CCB) are frequently prescribed for hypertension.
- CCB use is associated with drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE).
- The specific factors and biomarkers contributing to DIGE require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors associated with DIGE in patients using CCB.
- To analyze saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) profiles in CCB patients with and without DIGE.
- To compare biomarker levels across different patient groups.
Main Methods:
- 131 participants were included, with 91 on CCB for hypertension.
- DIGE was clinically assessed and associated with patient factors.
- Saliva and GCF samples were analyzed using a multiplex immunoassay for biomarkers, with group-matched controls.
Main Results:
- 22% of CCB patients developed DIGE.
- Lack of interdental cleaning and type II diabetes were linked to DIGE.
- Elevated GCF levels of VEGF, EGF, and MMP-8, and salivary MMP-8 were found in DIGE patients.
Conclusions:
- This study is the first to examine saliva and GCF biomarkers in DIGE patients and controls.
- Findings suggest inflammatory processes, tissue damage, and growth factors (VEGF) are involved in DIGE.
- Further research is needed to validate these biomarkers and elucidate pathogenic mechanisms.
Keywords:
AmlodipineCalcium-channel blockersGingival crevicular fluidGingival overgrowthNifedipinePeriodontitisSalivaMore Related Videos
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