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Active shape control by plants in dynamic environments.

Hadrien Oliveri1,2,3,4, Derek E Moulton1, Heather A Harrington1,2,3,4

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Plants actively control shape using gravity and internal proprioception. Rotation introduces complex 3D dynamics, revealing stable equilibria and growth-induced behaviors like solitary waves for robust shape control.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Plants exhibit active shape control in response to external stimuli like gravity and internal stimuli like proprioception.
  • Rotation, such as in a rotating clinostat, modulates these responses, leading to complex plant shapes.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for comprehending plant development and active materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of a growing plant to gravity and rotation using a rod model.
  • To analyze the combined effects of external (gravity) and internal (proprioception) stimuli on plant shape.
  • To explore the resulting three-dimensional dynamics and behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a previously derived rod model to simulate plant growth and response.
  • Analyzed plant behavior under varying rotation speeds (clinostat experiments).
  • Investigated the influence of axial growth on plant dynamics.

Main Results:

  • In the absence of rotation, plants converge to a universal planar shape.
  • Rotation induces stable, three-dimensional dynamic equilibria where the plant axis remains fixed.
  • Axial growth leads to steady behaviors, including solitary wave formation.

Conclusions:

  • Plant shape control is a complex interplay of external and internal stimuli.
  • The study provides insights into the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of plants in three dimensions.
  • Internal stimuli are critical for robust shape control in active materials like plants.