Uterine Biosynthesis through Tissue Engineering: An Overview of Current Methods and Status

In the last few decades, the rates of infertility among women have been on the rise, usually due to complications with the uterus and related tissue. A wide variety of reasons can cause uterine factor infertility and can be congenital or a result of disease. Uterine transplantation is currently used as a means to enable women with fertility issues to have a natural birth. However, multiple risk factors are involved in uterine transplantation that threaten the lives of the growing fetus and the mother, as a result of which the procedure is not prominently practiced. Uterine tissue engineering provides a potential solution to infertility through the regeneration of replacement of damaged tissue, thus allowing healing and restoration of reproductive capacity. It involves the use of stem cells from the patient incorporated within biocompatible scaffolds to regenerate the entire tissue. This manuscript discusses the need for uterine tissue engineering, giving an overview of the biological and organic material involved in the process. There are numerous existing animal models in which this procedure has been actualized, and the observations from them have been compiled here. These models are used to develop a further understanding of the integration of engineered tissues and the scope of tissue engineering as a treatment for uterine disorders. Additionally, this paper examines the scope and limitations of the procedure.