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Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Claims-based Cohort Study

Oscar Rincón-Guevara1, Bailey Wallace2, Lyudmyla Kompaniyets3

  • 1Inform and Disseminate Division, Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance and Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|August 20, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pregnant individuals with COVID-19 had a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This association was particularly noted during earlier SARS-CoV-2 variant periods, underscoring the need for further research.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant concern during pregnancy.
  • Previous studies suggested a potential link between Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and GDM, but lacked robust data.
  • Limited evidence existed due to small sample sizes and absence of control groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and the subsequent risk of developing GDM.
  • To quantify the relative risk and risk difference of GDM in pregnant individuals with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical claims data from March 2020 to October 2022.
  • Pregnancies with a COVID-19 diagnosis (n=57,675) were matched 1:2 with those without (n=115,350).
  • Log-binomial models were used to estimate the relative risk and risk difference of GDM (diagnosed ≥23 gestational weeks).

Main Results:

  • A modest but statistically significant increased risk of GDM was observed in individuals with COVID-19 during pregnancy (aRR=1.12).
  • The association was consistent across racial and ethnic groups, including non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic individuals.
  • Higher GDM risk was noted during the pre-Delta variant period compared to Omicron, with no significant difference from the Delta period.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with a modest increase in GDM risk, particularly evident in claims-based data.
  • The association was more pronounced during earlier SARS-CoV-2 variant periods.
  • Further research using systematic testing is recommended to confirm these findings.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19gestational diabetes mellitusmedical claimspregnancyvariant period

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