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Propolis suppresses atopic dermatitis through targeting the MKK4 pathway.

Ye-Ryeong Cho1, Eui Jeong Han2, Eun Heo1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Biofactors (Oxford, England)
|August 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Propolis consumption may effectively treat atopic dermatitis (AD) by reducing inflammation and restoring skin barrier function. Its active compound, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), targets MKK4, offering a natural therapeutic approach for AD.

Keywords:
MKK4atopic dermatitiscaffeic acid phenethyl esterpropolisskin barrier

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Propolis, a bee-derived resin, is recognized for its bioactivities.
  • Its therapeutic potential for atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely unexplored.
  • AD is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with impaired skin barrier function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of propolis in treating atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • To identify the active compound in propolis responsible for therapeutic effects.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying propolis action in AD.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies using HaCaT keratinocytes to assess cytokine and chemokine secretion, and barrier protein expression.
  • Ex vivo analysis on AD-like human skin samples.
  • In vivo studies using DNCB-induced AD mouse models to evaluate clinical symptoms, barrier function, and gene expression.
  • Chemical analysis to identify active compounds, followed by mechanistic studies targeting MKK4.

Main Results:

  • Propolis inhibited key inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MDC) and restored skin barrier proteins (filaggrin, involucrin) in vitro and in ex vivo skin models.
  • Oral propolis administration in mice attenuated AD symptoms, improved skin barrier, reduced scratching, and normalized AD-related gene expression.
  • Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was identified as the active compound.
  • Both propolis and CAPE directly targeted MKK4.

Conclusions:

  • Propolis demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • The mechanism involves inhibition of inflammatory pathways and restoration of skin barrier function, mediated by CAPE targeting MKK4.
  • Propolis can be considered a functional food agent for AD management.