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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Direct breastfeeding: Predictive factors and possible effects on neurodevelopment in very preterm infants
Carlo Dani1, Caterina Coviello2, Martina Ciarcià2
1Division of Neonatology, Careggi University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Background:
the importance of sucking milk directly at the mother's breast is often underestimated and many aspects of direct breastfeeding of very preterm infants are not investigated.
Aim:
The primary endpoint of the study was to identify maternal and infant clinical predictors of direct breastfeeding in a cohort of infants born at <32 weeks of gestation or weighing <1500 g. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the possible effects of direct breastfeeding on infant neurodevelopment.
Study Design:
Seventy-two infants born between July 2018 and December 2019 were divided into the subgroup that were directly breastfed (n = 42) and not directly breastfed (n = 30) at discharge. Maternal and infant characteristics were compared, and differences were analysed.
Results:
Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the percentage of maternal milk taken during hospitalization, maternal age, and weight (z-score) at discharge were positively correlated with the likelihood of direct breastfeeding at discharge. Direct breastfeeding was not correlated with the cognitive score at 24 months corrected age.
Conclusions:
Direct breastfeeding at discharge is more probable in infants of older mothers who receive more breastmilk and who experience greater weight gain. Direct breastfeeding is not correlated with the cognitive score at 24 months corrected age.
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