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Related Concept Videos

True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

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Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
In contrast, true stress offers a more precise portrayal. It is computed by dividing the...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

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Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Full-field Strain Measurements for Microstructurally Small Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Digital Image Correlation Method
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Pre-Failure Strain Localization in Siliclastic Rocks: A Comparative Study of Laboratory and Numerical Approaches.

Patrick Bianchi1, Paul Antony Selvadurai1, Luca Dal Zilio2,3,4

  • 1Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering
|August 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied seismic precursor processes in sandstone using lab tests and computer models. They observed strain localization and acoustic emissions, revealing distinct stages of deformation before rock failure.

Keywords:
Acoustic emissionsContinuum-based numerical modelingDistributed strain sensing with optical fibersPreparatory processesStrain localization

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Rock Mechanics
  • Computational Science

Background:

  • Understanding seismic preparatory processes is crucial for earthquake prediction.
  • Deformation localization and acoustic emissions are key indicators of rock failure.
  • Previous studies often lack integrated laboratory and numerical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate (a)seismic preparatory processes during rock deformation.
  • To correlate laboratory observations with numerical modeling results.
  • To elucidate the physics of deformation localization and failure in sandstone.

Main Methods:

  • Combined laboratory triaxial failure tests with a physics-based computational model.
  • Utilized distributed strain sensing (DSS) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques.
  • Quantified strain localization and seismic activity.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct stages of preparatory processes: dissipative fronts, P-wave velocity decrease, and conjugate band formation.
  • Observed dilatative lobes leading to strain localization and accelerated deformation.
  • Correlated simulated deformation with experimental strain rate measurements and seismicity.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated laboratory and numerical approach provides a comprehensive view of (a)seismic preparatory processes.
  • The study elucidates the spatio-temporal evolution of deformation localization preceding rock failure.
  • Findings enhance our understanding of rock mass behavior under stress.