Surgery-Related Considerations in Treating People Who Use Cannabis: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Anesthesiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cannabis use is increasing among patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.
• Many patients do not disclose their cannabis use to surgeons.
• Cannabinoid substances have systemic effects relevant to surgical care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To inform otolaryngologists about the implications of cannabis use in surgical patients.
• To highlight the importance of considering cannabis in all phases of surgical care.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on cannabis effects in surgical settings.
• Analysis of potential impacts on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care.
• Identification of drug-drug interactions and screening tools for cannabis use disorder.

Main Results:

• Cannabis use can affect anesthesia (myocardial ischemia, sedation), pain management, and postoperative nausea/vomiting.
• Potential drug-drug interactions exist, particularly with anticoagulants.
• Cannabis use disorder is associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

• Patients using cannabis require specialized attention throughout the surgical process.
• Otolaryngologists need to stay updated on cannabis's impact on patient management.
• Screening for cannabis use disorder is recommended.