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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Psychology

Background:

  • HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is effective in preventing HIV infection after sexual assault.
  • Initiation rates for HIV PEP remain suboptimal, with less than 50% of eligible individuals starting treatment.
  • Patient readiness for HIV PEP is influenced by complex individual, social, and structural factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate personal, cognitive, mental health, and socio-structural factors influencing patient readiness for HIV PEP following sexual assault.
  • To apply the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to understand decision-making processes for HIV PEP initiation.

Main Methods:

  • A web-based, cross-sectional survey was administered to 228 participants who experienced sexual assault within the preceding three months.
  • Linear regression modeling was employed to identify factors associated with preparedness for HIV PEP decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Fear of HIV infection, post-traumatic stress symptoms, validating social responses to disclosure, and third-party payment for HIV PEP were significantly associated with increased preparedness.
  • Findings suggest that a combination of psychological, social, and financial elements impacts the decision to initiate HIV PEP.

Conclusions:

  • Individual psychological states, social support systems, and practical facilitators like payment assistance play a significant role in HIV PEP decision-making post-sexual assault.
  • Healthcare systems and providers should address these multifaceted factors to enhance HIV PEP uptake and improve HIV prevention strategies.