Invasive candidiasis in dogs: A case report and review of the literature

Invasive candidiasis is characterized by the systemic dissemination of Candida spp. and colonization of multiple organs. We are reporting a case of invasive candidiasis in a 3.5-year-old female mixed-breed dog with a history of limb injury. After clinical evaluation and complementary examinations a sepsis diagnose was established. The patient remained hospitalized under antibiotic therapy, dying three days later. Necropsy revealed white, nodular (pyogranulomas), and multifocal areas on the liver, button ulcers in the stomach and intestines, and a random lung consolidation. Impression smears were made from the liver and lung surface lesions during necropsy showing yeast and pseudohyphae structures. Fragments of these organs were sent for fungal culture and subsequent molecular etiologic characterization, identifying it as Candida albicans. Histological examination of different organs showed pyogranulomatous inflammation surrounding the necrosis areas, which were full of yeast and pseudohyphae, as evidenced by periodic acid Schiff and immunohistochemistry. Neutropenia, as a consequence of sepsis, associated with the use of antibiotics may have allowed yeast invasion and proliferation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, reaching the liver and lungs through hematogenous route. Invasive candidiasis is a rare canine disease, and no other cases of neutropenia associated with antibiotic therapy, as a predisposing factors, have been reported.