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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 15, 2025

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Multiple scapula defects or foramina or both?

G Tsakotos1, G P Georgiev2, G Triantafyllou1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Morphologie : Bulletin De L'Association Des Anatomistes
|August 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This bone report details multiple benign openings in a scapula, potentially mistaken for malignancies. Awareness of these rare anatomical variants is crucial for accurate clinical diagnosis.

Keywords:
DefectForamenOsteologyScapulaSuprascapular foramenVariation

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical variations
  • Skeletal morphology
  • Human osteology

Background:

  • The scapula exhibits uncommon variants like foramina and defects.
  • The differentiation between scapular foramina and defects remains unclear.
  • Both variants arise from abnormal scapular ossification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and describe multiple foramina in a dried human scapula.
  • To highlight the coexistence of foramina with other anatomical features.
  • To emphasize the clinical importance of recognizing these benign variants.

Main Methods:

  • Macroscopic examination of a dried human scapula.
  • Identification and counting of foramina in specific scapular fossae.
  • Observation of associated structures like suprascapular foramen and osteophyte.

Main Results:

  • Twelve foramina were identified in the subscapular fossa, extending to the infraspinatus fossa.
  • The observed foramina coexisted with a suprascapular foramen and an inferomedial osteophyte.
  • The specimen presented features of scapular abnormal ossification.

Conclusions:

  • The findings contribute to the understanding of scapular anatomical variations.
  • Clinicians must differentiate these benign entities from pathological conditions.
  • Recognition of scapular foramina prevents misdiagnosis of malignancies.