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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Dynamic predictive templates in perception.

Veith Weilnhammer1, Yuki Murai2, David Whitney1

  • 1Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

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|August 22, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that false alarms (FAs) in perception experiments mirror hallucinations. FAs arise from internal brain states biased by past experiences, suggesting hallucinations transform noise into meaningful perceptions.

Keywords:
classification imagescomputational modelingfalse alarmshallucinationsperceptual inferencepredictive processingpsychosisschizophreniaserial dependencevisual perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Hallucinations are vivid sensory experiences without external stimuli.
  • Cognitive neuroscience uses false alarms (FAs) to model hallucinations in healthy and clinical populations.
  • FAs require specific perceptual content and temporal dynamics to model hallucinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if false alarms (FAs) can serve as a valid experimental proxy for hallucinations.
  • To explore the neurocomputational mechanisms underlying FAs and their relation to hallucinations.
  • To determine if FAs share perceptual and temporal characteristics with hallucinations.

Main Methods:

  • Combined classification image analysis with hidden Markov models.
  • Induction of false alarms in healthy participants during visual stimulus discrimination tasks.
  • Analysis of internal brain states and serial dependency during FA occurrence.

Main Results:

  • False alarms (FAs) demonstrated perceptual and temporal characteristics aligning with hallucinations.
  • FAs were significantly more probable during an internal processing mode characterized by serial dependency.
  • This internal mode involves perception being biased by prior experiences.

Conclusions:

  • False alarms can accurately model hallucinations in experimental settings.
  • Hallucinations may stem from dynamic predictive templates converting sensory noise into coherent perceptions.
  • Internal brain states, particularly those influenced by prior experiences, play a crucial role in generating hallucinatory experiences.