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Risk variables of heart failure among patients in China: grey relational approach based multi-dimensional assessment
Xue Wang1, Chao Deng1, Xiantong Cao1
1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
Insights
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), severe dyslipidemia, and high-grade hypertension are strongly linked to heart failure development. Understanding these key risk factors is crucial for managing cardiac diseases and improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Effective management of cardiac diseases relies on understanding potential risk factors.
- This study quantifies the associations of identified risk factors with heart failure.
- It compares the mortality associations of hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, and uncontrolled hyperlipidemia with other factors like stroke and obesity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the association of identified risk factors with heart failure.
- To compare the mortality association of hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, and uncontrolled hyperlipidemia using the Grey Relational Approach (GRA).
- To assess the impact of stroke, lung diseases, smoking, stress, obesity, and lack of exercise on heart failure.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (2001-2017).
- Employed the Grey Relational Approach (GRA) with Grey [8.0] software for analysis.
- Categorized GRA into Deng, absolute, and SS methods to assess variable associations.
Main Results:
- Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) showed the strongest relationship with heart failure, increasing morbidity and mortality.
- Severe dyslipidemia was the second highest risk factor, followed by high-grade hypertension.
- GRA analyses indicated varying top risk factors (T2DM, dyslipidemia, hypertension) depending on the specific GRA method used.
Conclusions:
- T2DM, severe dyslipidemia, and high-grade hypertension are strongly correlated with heart failure development.
- These findings underscore the importance of managing these specific risk factors.
- The study considered stroke, lung diseases, smoking, stress, obesity, and lack of exercise as additional key risk factors.
Background:
Understanding the potential risk factors of heart diseases is key to effectively managing cardiac diseases. The present study quantifies the association of identified risk factors. In addition, the study has compared the association of mortality with hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, and uncontrolled hyperlipidemia using Grey Relational Approach (GRA) for stroke, lung diseases, smoking, stress, obesity, and lack of exercise.
Method:
Data on risk factors of heart failure were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (2001-2017). From the GBD database, variables have selected the top leading risk factors responsible for mortality from cardiac diseases. Data on risk factors was analyzed using the GRA procedure (utilizing Grey [8.0] software). In the GRA method, the correlation was categorized into three components: GRA - Deng (assesses the effect of one variable specified by data on the other variables), GRA- absolute (assesses the association between variables measured), and GRA-SS (assessed the overall association between the variables measured). Stroke, lung diseases, smoking, stress, obesity, and lack of exercise were taken as dependent variables and their impact was assessed. Hypertension (high grade) uncontrolled diabetes, and uncontrolled hyperlipidemia were considered as independent variables. The relationship between dependent and independent variables was assessed.
Results:
Overall correlational analysis showed that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the risk factor that has a strong relationship with causing heart failure and thereby increases morbidity and mortality among Chinese patients. After T2DM, the second highest risk factor associated was severe dyslipidemia which is responsible for causing heart failure. High-grade hypertension is one-third most common risk factor in causing heart failure. GRA - Deng analysis showed that T2DM is the top risk factor associated with heart failure, followed by high-grade hypertension and severe dyslipidemia (uncontrolled). GRA-absolute analysis showed that severe dyslipidemia is the top risk factor associated with heart failure, followed by high-grade hypertension and T2DM (uncontrolled). GRA-SS analysis showed that high-grade hypertension is the top risk factor associated with heart failure, followed by severe dyslipidemia and T2DM (uncontrolled).
Conclusions:
The study reported that T2DM, severe dyslipidemia, and high-grade hypertension as strongly correlated with the development of heart failure after considering other several key risk factors (stroke, lung diseases, smoking, stress, obesity, and lack of exercise).
Level Of Evidence:
IV.
Technical Efficacy:
Stage 5.
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